近日，有媒体报道称，吉利集团旗下Terrafugia太力飞行汽车第一款量产车型Transition预计在今年10月开始接受预定，首批量产飞行汽车计划在2019年问世。是的，你没看错，可以飞行的汽车都要实现批量生产了，我们普通大众却还在为到底是选燃油车还是电动车而纠结，真的不得不感叹：“贫穷限制了我的想象力！”
Recently, there have been media reports that the first mass production vehicle, Transition, Terrafugia Tai Li, under the Geely Group's flag, is expected to begin in October this year, and the first batch of the first mass - produced flying car plan was published in 2019. Yes, you are not mistaken, the flying cars are to be produced in mass production. Our ordinary people are still entangled in the selection of oil trucks or electric cars. I really have to sigh: "poverty limits my imagination!"

对于了解这一领域的人来说，飞行汽车并不是什么新鲜玩意。早在1917年，飞行汽车之父格·寇蒂斯就向人们展示了这种新型交通工具，尽管当时它只实现了短距离的飞行式跳跃，并未真正飞上天空，但丝毫不影响人类对高空和飞行的追求与探索。这一百多年以来，陆续有不少企业开始涉足这一领域，特别是近期各大汽车制造商的扎堆入局，以及一些新产品新玩家的涌现，飞行汽车再一次被推到了风口浪尖。
Flying cars aren't new to anyone who knows the field. As early as 1917, the father of the flying car, GE Cotti, showed the new vehicle, although it only realized a short flight jump and did not really fly into the sky at the time, but it did not affect the pursuit and exploration of high altitude and flight. In the past more than 100 years, a number of enterprises have been involved in this field, especially in the near future, and the emergence of some new products and new players, and the flying cars have been pushed to the top of the storm again.
Terrafugia的前世今生
Terrafugia's previous life
在众多被谈及的飞行汽车制造商中，吉利集团的Terrafugia显然与中国的关系最为密切，但最开始它并不是一家中国企业。Terrafugia最初是由5位美国麻省理工学院的毕业生共同创立于2006年，他们的团队和商业计划获得了2006年麻省理工学院10万美元创业大赛的亚军，最初创立公司的大部分资金也是来自于首席执行官兼创始人卡尔•迪特里希(Carl Dietrich)的3万美元麻省理工学院(Lemelson-MIT)学生奖。
Among the many flying automobile manufacturers that have been talked about, the Terrafugia of Geely Group is obviously most closely related to China, but at first it is not a Chinese enterprise. Terrafugia was originally founded in 2006 by 5 graduates from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, whose team and business plan won the 2006 100 thousand US $100 thousand business competition in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Most of the fund was originally founded by chief executive and founder Carle Dietrich (Carle Dietrich) The $30,000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Student Award.

在卡尔•迪特里希(Carl Dietrich)的带领下，Terrafugia进行了多次融资，第一笔近30万美元的融资完成于2006年公司成立后不久，之后陆续跟进，股东最多时超过百人。在不过短短5年左右的时间里，Terrafugia就在这个相对偏门的领域获得了超过2500万美元的潜在收入，实在让人惊叹。
Under the lead of Carle Dietrich (Carl Dietrich), Terrafugia has been financing many times. The first $300 thousand financing was completed shortly after the establishment of the company in 2006, followed by more than a hundred shareholders at most. In just 5 years or so, Terrafugia has been earning more than $25 million in potential income in this relatively narrow area.
不过由于各国法规的不同，Terrafugia只在美国销售，这就使得原本狭小的市场变得更小了，再加上汽车制造业本身就是一个资金密集的行业，研发、制造、生产无论哪一个环节都需要大量资金支持，但没有好的销量和市场回报，经营状况就会陷入恶性循环之中。果不其然，由于公司资金遭遇瓶颈，2017年11月13日，浙江吉利控股集团正式官方宣布与美国Terrafugia飞行汽车公司达成最终协议，将收购Terrafugia的全部业务及资产，在未来吉利方将主导管理企业的发展。
However, because of the different laws and regulations of each country, Terrafugia is sold only in the United States, which makes the original narrow market smaller. In addition, the auto manufacturing industry itself is a capital intensive industry, and the development, manufacturing and production of any link needs a large amount of funds, but there is no good sales and market returns. The business situation will fall into a vicious circle. As a result of the company's capital bottlenecks, in November 13, 2017, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group officially announced a final agreement with the Terrafugia flying automobile company of the United States, which will buy all the business and assets of Terrafugia, and will lead the development of the enterprise in the future.

那么吉利花重金购买的Terrafugia公司的飞行汽车到底是什么样的？据悉，Transition车型既可在陆地行驶，也可在空中航行，它的翅膀可以在着陆时折叠，使其能停入车库。它采用的是混合动力系统，准乘2人，最大飞行速度为160km/h，最大飞行高度为1万英尺(3048米)，空中续航里程为640km，为了节省燃油，在陆地行驶时Transition会采用电力驱动。
So what is the flying car of Terrafugia, which is heavily purchased by Geely? It is reported that the Transition vehicle can travel on land or in the air, and its wings can be folded when landing, so that it can stop in the garage. It uses a hybrid power system, a quasi 2 person, a maximum flight speed of 160km/h, a maximum flight height of 10 thousand feet (3048 meters) and an air distance of 640km. In order to save fuel, Transition will be driven by electric power when driving on land.

作为一款独特的交通工具，Transition严格按照航空和汽车的双重安全要求打造，符合美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）和美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）标准。同时由于它的特殊性，想要驾驶它上路或上空，不仅需要汽车驾照，还需要拥有飞行执照。这也就意味着，驾乘Transition绝对只是少数人的专利。
As a unique vehicle, Transition is built strictly in accordance with the dual safety requirements of the aviation and automobile, in line with the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) standards. At the same time, because of its particularity, to drive it on the road or over the sky requires not only the driver's license, but also the flight license. This means that driving Transition is definitely only a minority patent.

飞行汽车大乱斗，多家企业入局
The flying car is in a big mess, and many enterprises enter the Bureau
既然市场如此之小，想要普及也非易事，那为何还有这么多车企陆续入局？其实只需站在企业的角度进行长远思考，就能明白一二。首先，飞行汽车就像五年前开始成为热门话题的无人驾驶一样，无论是市场需求，还是只为改善交通状况，它都有很好的战略前景；其次，出行工具一直都是与时俱进、不断演变的，谁最先在三维出行领域进行长远布局和卡位，谁就能在未来抢占先机。最后，交通拥堵已成为一个世界性难题，创造新的出行方式和交通体系是解决这一问题的必要途径。
Since the market is so small, it is not easy to popularize. Why do so many car companies enter the market? In fact, we only need to think deeply from the perspective of enterprises, and we can understand one or two. First of all, flying cars, like unmanned drones that began to become hot topics five years ago, have good strategic prospects, whether it is market demand or only to improve traffic conditions. Secondly, travel tools have always been developing with the times, who are the first to carry out long-term layout and card position in the field of three dimensional travel. Who can seize the opportunity in the future. Finally, traffic congestion has become a worldwide problem. Creating new travel modes and transportation systems is a necessary way to solve this problem.
这也就不难理解，为何创立于1898年并深受世界各地消费者欢迎的著名汽车制造商奥迪，会在今年3月的日内瓦车展上，联合欧洲航空巨头空中客车提出Pop.Up Next的飞行汽车概念。
It is not difficult to understand why Audi, a famous auto maker founded in 1898 and welcomed by consumers around the world, will introduce the concept of Pop.Up Next flying car with the European aviation giant Airbus at the Geneva auto show in March this year.

6月底，奥迪和空客已经与德国政府签署了合作意向书，被允许在奥迪总部因戈尔施塔特地区建立空中试飞点以便进行测试。据了解，Pop.Up Next是首个完全电动、零排放的模块化系统，它空中飞行最高时速为120km/h，可以行驶50km（不负载），地面行驶最高时速为100km/h，可以行驶130km，充满电仅需15分钟。
At the end of June, Audi and Airbus had signed a letter of intent with the German government to set up an air test spot at the Ingolstadt area of Audi headquarters to test it. It is understood that Pop.Up Next is the first fully electric, zero emission modular system, its air flight maximum speed of 120km/h, can drive 50km (not load), the highest speed of the ground speed of 100km/h, can drive 130km, full of electricity only 15 minutes.
从外观内饰上来看，Pop.Up Next科技感十足，它由地面模块、座舱和飞行模块三个部分组成，座舱可与另两个模块单独结合分别实现地面行驶或飞行状态，而且飞行模块由碳纤维材料制成，配备有4个异常显眼的螺旋桨。该车的座舱内未配备方向盘或者方向舵，仅配有一块大屏显示器，让乘客通过语音、脸部识别、眼球跟踪和触摸传感按钮等与汽车进行互动。奥迪表示，该概念车或将成为未来飞行出租车的行业标准，产品可能会在2024年和2027年间成为现实。
From the appearance of the interior, Pop.Up Next is full of technology. It consists of three parts, the ground module, the cockpit and the flight module. The cockpit can be separately combined with the other two modules to realize the ground running or flight state separately, and the flight module is made of carbon fiber materials with 4 exceptionally prominent propellers. The car's cockpit is not equipped with a steering wheel or rudder, only with a large screen display that allows passengers to interact with the car through voice, face recognition, eye tracking and touch sensor buttons. Audi said that the concept car would become the industry standard for future taxi taxis, and products could become a reality in 2024 and 2027.

全球汽车巨头丰田，其实也一直在开展面向飞行汽车的技术研究。去年5月，丰田汽车及其集团公司就曾表态同意在未来三年内向科技公司Cartivator投资4250万日元（约38.5万美元）作为研发费用，支持该公司的飞行汽车项目。
TOYOTA, the global automotive giant, has been developing technology research for flying cars. Last May, TOYOTA and its group agreed to agree to invest 42 million 500 thousand yen (about $385 thousand) to the technology company Cartivator in the next three years as a R & D cost to support the company's flying car project.
根据资料显示，Cartivator成立于2012年，从2014年开始进行skyDrive飞行汽车的研发，按照计划进程，2018年年底该公司将开发出第一款由人工操作的测试飞行汽车，到2020年，开发出面向生产的飞行汽车，并在2020年东京奥运会开幕式上执行点火任务。
According to the data, Cartivator was founded in 2012 and started the research and development of skyDrive flying cars from 2014. According to the planned process, the company will develop the first manual test flight vehicle by the end of 2018 and develop a production oriented flying car by 2020, and at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympic Games in 2020. Carry out the ignition task.

据悉，该车采用的是锂离子电池驱动，配备三个地面行驶的轮胎和四个螺旋桨，地面行驶和飞行时速目标为100~150km/h，续航里程方面，地面续航目标为50km，飞行仅为5km。可以看出，Cartivator飞行汽车尚处于早期开发阶段。
It is reported that the car is driven by lithium ion battery, equipped with three ground running tires and four propellers. The ground and flight speed targets are 100~150km/h, and the range of endurance is 50km, and the flight is only 5km. It can be seen that the Cartivator flying car is still in its early stage of development.
此外，英国汽车制造商阿斯顿·马丁、劳斯莱斯、以及德国汽车制造商戴姆勒、保时捷等著名车企，也相继发布或透露了其研发飞行汽车的概念版本与计划，开始正式涉足这一领域。当然，同样被这一市场吸引的还有部分航天航空巨头和大批科技公司。譬如：荷兰PAL-V的首款量产飞行汽车Liberty将于2019年首批交付；Uber与巴西航空工业公司、达拉斯政府表示，2020年将在达拉斯与迪拜正式试运营Uber的飞行的士网络。
In addition, British auto makers Aston Martin, Rolls-Royce, and German auto makers Daimler, Porsche and other famous car enterprises have also released or disclosed the concept version and plan of its R & D flying car, and began to dabble in this field. Of course, there are also some aerospace giants and a large number of technology companies attracted by the market. For example, Holland PAL-V's first mass production vehicle Liberty will be first delivered in 2019; Uber and the Brazil Aviation Industry Corp, the Dallas government said in 2020, it will formally try the taxi network of the Uber in Dallas and Dubai.
理想丰满、现实骨感
Ideal fullness and real bone sense
可无论这个市场有多火爆，参与者实力有多强劲，起码到目前为止，真正拿得出量产产品的玩家就只有那么一两家，大部分企业都还处于概念或项目策划阶段。再加上相关法规、监管、基础设施、安全性、价格等多方面因素的影响，要想实际普及仍然还有很长一段路要走。
But no matter how hot the market is, how strong is the strength of the participants, at least so far, there are only one or two players who really get the product, and most of them are still in the conceptual or project planning stage. Coupled with the impact of the relevant laws, regulations, infrastructure, security and price, there is still a long way to go before we want to popularize it practically.

举个最简单的例子，为什么吉利旗下的太力飞行汽车Transition不在中国销售？难道是因为中国消费者没有购买能力？显然不是，主要还是国家政策法规不允许，所以就算你买了，也上不了路。相对而言，美国的政策法规比较宽松，监管机制更完善，对于飞行汽车上路拥有一系列统一的标准，不过即便如此，也仍有许多需要持续改进和完善的地方，而这些是需要时间来实现的。
For the simplest example, why is the Transition of Tai Li flying in Geely not sold in China? Is it because Chinese consumers have no purchasing power? Obviously not, mainly because national policies and regulations are not allowed, so even if you buy, you can't get on the road. In contrast, US policies and regulations are relatively loose, regulatory mechanisms are more perfect, and there are a series of unified standards for flying cars, but even so, there are still a lot of places to be improved and perfected, which will take time to achieve.
另一个非常重要的原因便是安全问题，先不说空中飞行的汽车本身发生交通事故后，对驾乘人员的伤害要比普通汽车大；就算是飞行汽车在升降、飞行过程中机翼和螺旋桨发生破损或脱落，对附近飞行汽车、地面人员、高空建筑等所造成的伤害和损失也是难以预计的。
Another very important reason is the safety problem. Before the vehicle itself has a traffic accident, it is more harmful to the driver than the ordinary car. Even if the flying car is broken or falling off in the process of lifting and flying, the vehicle is attached to the flying car, the ground personnel, and the Gao Kongjian. Damage and loss caused by building and so on are also hard to predict.

除此之外，目前的电动飞行汽车所产生的噪音虽然比传统直升机小一些，但并不代表它不扰民。就像在今年2月，特斯拉创始人埃隆·马斯克就在自己的Twitter上怼了Uber飞行汽车。马斯克表示：“如果你喜欢在自己家房子上面飞行，并且总有大量的汽车在上面飞来飞去当然没问题。这些汽车就像被放大1000倍的无人机，而且充满噪音，在着陆的时候巨大的气流甚至会将很多东西吹跑。”
In addition, the noise generated by the current electric flying vehicles is smaller than the traditional helicopter, but does not mean that it does not disturb the people. As in February this year, Tesla founder Elon Musk took the Uber flying car on his own Twitter. "If you like to fly over your house and you always have a lot of cars flying around, that's fine," Musk says. These cars are like a 1,000-fold amplified UAV, and they're full of noise, and when they land there's a huge airflow that can blow a lot of things away.
虽然后来，Uber的首席执行官达拉·科斯罗塞西对马斯克进行了回应，表示飞行汽车通过使用诸如特斯拉公司先进的电池技术以及更小的旋翼，可以让自己逐渐变得更加环保、噪音更小，可事实如何，估计也只有当事人最清楚了。
Later, Dara Kosrosesi, the chief executive of Uber, responded to musk, saying that flying cars can make themselves more environmentally friendly and less noisy by using advanced battery technology such as Tesla and smaller wings, but the fact is that only the parties have the best clarity.

如果以上几个问题都解决了，飞行汽车依然还有续航里程短、售价高昂等一系列其他层出不穷的问题，它们都会成为飞行汽车实现商用化进程的拦路虎。可不管怎样，飞行汽车就如同自动驾驶一样，是大势所趋，虽然困难重重，但各企业的纷纷入局必然会带来一定的资本倾斜，未来市场前景可期。
If the above problems are solved, the flying car still has a series of other problems, such as short range, high price and so on, all of which will be the obstacle to the commercialization of the flying car. However, the flying car is like automatic driving, it is the trend of the times. Although it is difficult, the entry of each enterprise will inevitably bring a certain capital inclination, and the future market will be expected to be expected.

（文编译飞行汽车feiauto）www.feiauto.com

---

【版权声明】以上内容来源于网络转载，出于传递信息及学习之目的，不代表本网站的观点、立场，本网站不对其真实性负责。未经原作者feiauto允许不得转载本文内容，否则将视为侵权，本站依法保留追究权！www.feiauto.com

【投稿】请把所需要提交的文章投稿至此邮箱：feiauto@126.com

---