自动驾驶汽车方兴未艾，全球又掀起了飞行汽车研发热潮。据《AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology》杂志的统计，2017年全球约有20个不同的团队正在进行用于城市通勤市场的电动垂直起降飞机的研发工作，通过将天空作为第三维度加入城市交通网络，改善交通出行。

The auto driving car is in the ascendant, and the development upsurge of the flying car has been set off in the world. According to the AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology magazine, about 20 different teams in the world are working on the research and development of the electric vertical landing and landing aircraft used in the city commuter market in 2017, to improve the travel by adding the sky as the third dimension to the urban traffic network.

如今，随着城市人口持续增长，地面交通拥堵情况日益加剧，虽然研发自动驾驶汽车已被认为是一种缓解城市出行的有效途径，但这种方式始终着眼于地面，在道路资源有限的情况下，改善效果也很有限。比较之下飞行汽车由于可以脱离固定的道路，在空中飞行，对城市道路的依赖性相对较少，被纷纷看好，吸引了大批企业参与其中。

Nowadays, with the continuous growth of urban population, traffic congestion in the ground is increasing. Although the research and development of auto driving car has been considered as an effective way to alleviate urban travel, this way is always focused on the ground, and the improvement effect is very limited in the case of limited road resources. In contrast, flying cars can be separated from a fixed road, flying in the air, less dependent on urban roads, and are favored and attracted by a large number of enterprises.

目前来看，入局飞行汽车领域的玩家主要有三类，第一类是吉利、奥迪、保时捷这样的整车厂，第二类是波音、空客等航空航天巨头，还有一类是科技公司，譬如中国无人机公司亿航、Uber、谷歌等，都已在该领域重金布局，试图于快速发展的飞行汽车市场挖掘新商机。甚至有部分业内人士认为，飞行汽车将是解决城市拥堵的终极方案。

At present, there are three main types of players in the field, the first category is Geely, Audi and Porsche, the second are Boeing, Airbus and other Aeronautics and Astronautics giants, and one kind is science and technology companies, such as the Chinese UAV company, Uber, Google and so on. Figure out new business opportunities in the rapidly developing flying car market. Even some people in the industry believe that flying cars will be the ultimate solution to urban congestion.

自动驾驶不过瘾 车企纷纷瞄上了飞行汽车

Auto drivers are not interested in car companies.

作为整车厂代表，吉利在飞行汽车领域的布局主要是通过收购美国飞行汽车公司Terrafugia来实现。2017年11月13日，吉利正式宣布完成对Terrafugia的收购，并将其归于负责新业务的吉利集团，与曹操专车并列，充分表明吉利对该项业务前景的看好。而李书福在去年正式收购Terrafugia后，也曾表示“飞行汽车是一个非常激动人心的领域。我相信Terrafugia能改变未来的出行方式，并且引领一个新行业的发展。”那么，归于吉利旗下这大半年的时间里，Terrafugia飞行汽车研发进展如何呢？

As a representative of the entire plant, Geely's layout in the field of flying cars was achieved mainly through the acquisition of Terrafugia, an American flying car company. In November 13, 2017, gilli formally announced the completion of the acquisition of Terrafugia, and placed it in the new business, gilli group, and Cao Cao's special vehicle, fully demonstrated that Geely's good outlook on the business. When Li Shufu formally acquired Terrafugia last year, he also said, "flying cars are a very exciting field. I believe Terrafugia can change the way of future travel and lead the development of a new industry. So, what is the progress of Terrafugia's R & D in the six months after Geely?

近日，Terrafugia（太力飞行汽车）公布了其Transition®量产车型的部分产品细节及量产时间。据悉，作为一款独特的交通工具，Transition®将采用混动模式，使用内燃机和磷酸锂铁电池为汽车提供动力，同时通过节流阀增强推进功能，飞行时可以用额外的动力在短时间内快速推进。Transition®允许乘坐2人，最大飞行高度为1万英尺（3048米），最高飞行速度为160公里/小时，可实现空中续航640公里，每小时需燃烧19L燃油。不过，当转换为汽车模式时，Transition®实际采用的是电力驱动，可一定程度上节省燃油。

Recently, Terrafugia (Tai Li flying car) announced some of its product details and mass production time of its Transition mass production vehicle. It is reported that, as a unique vehicle, Transition will use a mixed mode, using internal combustion engines and lithium iron phosphate batteries to provide power for the car, while the throttle valve to enhance the propulsion function, the flight can be accelerated in a short time with extra power. Transition is allowed to take 2 people, the maximum flight height of 10 thousand feet (3048 meters), the maximum flight speed of 160 km / h, can achieve an air extension of 640 kilometers, the need to burn 19L fuel per hour. However, when converted to vehicle mode, Transition is actually using electric drive, which can save fuel to a certain extent.

Terrafugia表示，Transition®严格按照航空和汽车的双重安全要求打造，同时符合符合美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）和美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）标准，新产品将在今年10月份左右开始接受预订，2019年正式上市销售，首批用户将主要针对美国市场。

Terrafugia said that Transition is strictly in accordance with the dual safety requirements of the aviation and automobile, and conforms to the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) standard. The new product will begin to be booked around October this year and will be officially listed in 2019. The household will focus on the US market.

▲Terrafugia飞行汽车

稍早一些的时候，豪华车品牌奥迪的飞行汽车项目也迎来了最新进展。6月底，外媒透露奥迪与合作伙伴空客已经与德国政府签署了合作意向书，被允许在英戈尔施塔特建立空中试飞点进行测试，不过目前测试的具体时间尚未确定。

Earlier, the luxury car brand Audi's flying car project also ushered in the latest progress. At the end of June, foreign media revealed that Audi and its partner Airbus had signed a letter of intent with the German government, which was allowed to test the air test site at the UK, but the time for the test has not been determined.

▲Pop.Up NEXT

据了解，在获得测试资格之后，奥迪和空客可能会基于此前发布的Pop.Up NEXT打造可以商用的飞行出租车。在今年的日内瓦车展上，奥迪和空客就曾展示了基于空客Pop.Up打造的概念飞行汽车Pop.Up NEXT，该产品由座舱、地面模块、飞行模块三个部分组成，其中座舱可与另两个模块单独结合分别实现地面行驶或飞行状态。座舱内采用双座布局，并未配备方向盘或者方向舵，仅配有一块49英寸的屏幕，让乘客通过语音、脸部识别、眼睛跟踪和触摸传感按钮与汽车进行互动。在飞行模块的加持下，Pop.Up NEXT可实现垂直起降。

Audi and Airbus are understood to be able to build commercial flying taxis based on the previously released Pop. Up NEXT after they qualify for the test. At this year's Geneva auto show, Audi and Airbus showed the concept flying car Pop.Up NEXT based on Airbus Pop.Up, which consists of three parts, cockpit, ground module and flight module, and the cockpit can be separately combined with the other two modules to drive or fly separately. The cockpit is equipped with a double seat layout, not equipped with a steering wheel or rudder, with only a 49 inch screen that allows passengers to interact with the car through voice, face recognition, eye tracking and touch sensor buttons. Under the control of the flight module, Pop.Up NEXT can achieve vertical takeoff and landing.

值得注意的是，这里所提的地面模块指的是无人驾驶电动汽车，飞行模块则是无人驾驶直升机，当Pop.Up NEXT把乘客送到指定着陆地点后，无人驾驶直升机会自动分离，飞往其他地方充电，乘客则留在可完全自动驾驶的汽车内，被运送到最终的目的地。从这一点上来讲，Pop.Up NEXT其实是自动驾驶汽车与无人机的结合。奥迪表示，该概念车或将成为未来飞行出租车的行业标准，产品可能会在2024年和2027年间成为现实。

It is noteworthy that the ground module mentioned here refers to the unmanned electric vehicle, the flight module is an unmanned helicopter, when the Pop.Up NEXT sends passengers to the designated landing site, the unmanned helicopter will automatically separate, fly to other places to charge, and the passengers remain in the fully automatic driving car. Transport to the final destination. From this point of view, Pop.Up NEXT is actually a combination of autopilot and UAV. Audi said the concept car could become the industry standard for future flying taxis, and the product could become a reality between 2024 and 2027.

同样在日内瓦车展上，保时捷相关负责人表示，该公司也正在研究飞行乘用车。保时捷表示，在飞行乘用车变为现实交通工具启动之前，该公司可能要花上10年时间才能完成这项技术。不过，目前尚不知道保时捷飞行汽车产品具体的造型设计。

Also at the Geneva auto show, Porsche official said that the company was also studying the flying passenger car. Porsche said it could take 10 years to complete the technology before flying passenger cars become real vehicles. However, it is not yet known how Porsche's flying car products are specifically modeled.

丰田也在开展面向飞行汽车的技术研究。今年5月，丰田同意向科技公司Cartivator投资4250万日元（约合38.5万美元）作为研发费用，支持该公司的飞行汽车项目。按照Cartivator的研发计划，2018年底该公司将开发出第一款由人工操作的测试飞行汽车，到2020年，开发出面向生产的飞行汽车，在东京奥运会上展示。

TOYOTA is also developing technology research for flying cars. In May, TOYOTA agreed to invest 42 million 500 thousand yen (about $385 thousand) to technology company Cartivator as a R & D cost to support the company's flying car project. According to Cartivator's research and development plan, the company will develop the first manual test flight vehicle by the end of 2018, and by the year 2020, it will develop a production oriented flying car, which is displayed at the Tokyo Olympic Games.

▲Cartivator

据悉，Cartivator研发的飞行汽车名曰“Skydrive”，车身可容纳一人乘坐，飞离地面的最大距离10米，最高速度100千米/时。车辆可实现垂直起降，并支持在城市公共道路上直接起飞，例如当用户被困在城市拥堵的道路中，这时就可以直接使用“Skydrive”从原地起飞来摆脱这份痛苦，言外之意将来Skydrive或可空陆两用。

It is reported that the Cartivator research and development of the flying car called "Skydrive", the body can hold one person to ride, the maximum distance of 10 meters away from the ground, the maximum speed of 100 kilometers / time. Vehicles can achieve vertical take-off and landing, and support the direct takeoff on urban public roads. For example, when users are trapped in the city's congested road, "Skydrive" can be used directly from the place to get rid of the pain, the meaning of the future Skydrive or the land dual-use.

阿斯顿·马丁、戴姆勒和劳斯莱斯，虽然也有研发飞行汽车的计划，然根据他们此前对于产品的描述，其实更像是小型飞行器，而无法像汽车一样在地面行驶。比如阿斯顿•马丁的Volante Vision Concept，据悉是一款三座的飞行器，采用混合动力，最高时速可达200英里/时，可垂直起降，有望在5年内生产，指导售价将在300-500万英镑之间。戴姆勒亦如此，凭借此前该公司投资的德国无人机开发公司Volocopter所公布的产品渲染图，也更像是一款大型无人机，目前还看不出可以在地面运行的迹象。

Aston Martin, Daimler and Rolls-Royce, though they also have plans to develop a flying car, are more like small aircraft than they have been on the ground, as they had previously described their products. For example, Aston Martin's Volante Vision Concept, which is known as a three seat vehicle with a hybrid power of up to 200 mph, can start and drop vertically, which is expected to be produced in 5 years and will guide the price of between 300-500, 000 pounds. The same is true of Daimler, more like a large unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) published by the German UAV development company Volocopter, which has been invested by the company, and is not yet able to see any signs that can run on the ground.

如相较于外资车企的积极布局，目前国内主机厂对飞行汽车的热情并不太明显。

For example, compared with the active layout of foreign-funded car companies, the domestic host plant's enthusiasm for flying cars is not so obvious.

多方博弈 谁主沉浮？

Who is the winner of the multi game game?

同自动驾驶汽车一样，飞行汽车虽然也是一个正在发展当中的新兴市场，其未来发展潜力却早已不容小觑。据业内人士估计，未来城市空中交通市场规模将高达3万亿美元，正因为如此，自去年以来大批车企纷纷斥巨资参与其中，一同被这个市场吸引的还有部分航天航空巨头和大批科技公司。

Like autopilot, although the flying car is also a emerging market, its future development potential can not be underestimated. According to the industry estimates, the future of the urban air traffic market will be up to 3 trillion US dollars, because of this, since last year, a large number of car companies have been repulsion to participate in it, together with the market, and a large number of aerospace giants and a large number of technology companies.

7月中旬，美国飞机制造商波音公司宣布成立新部门Boeing NeXt，以开拓日益增长的自动驾驶飞行市场。未来Boeing NeXt将与外部的第三方公司合作，共同打造自动驾驶飞行汽车，解决空中交通控制问题，同时其也将帮助建设地面的基础设施。波音透露，目前该公司已经与人工智能公司SparkCogniton建立了新的合作伙伴关系。

In mid-July, Boeing, the U.S. aircraft maker, announced the creation of a new division, Boeing NeXt, to tap the growing market for autopilot flights. In the future, Boeing NeXt will work with external third party companies to jointly build autopilot vehicles to solve air traffic control problems and also help build ground infrastructure. Boeing has revealed that the company has established a new partnership with the artificial Intelligent Company SparkCogniton.

事实上，波音公司对飞行汽车“心仪”已久，自去年收购无人飞行器及航空零部件制造商Aurora Flight Sciences后，波音就一直倡导自动飞行汽车。今年3月，波音曾透露公司一直在对一款飞行出租车的原型进行测试，能够搭载乘客往返各地，可能在未来10年内投入运营。而其投资的Aurora Flight Sciences，据悉计划于2020年在迪拜和达拉斯测试飞行汽车。

As a matter of fact, Boeing has been "very sensitive" to flying cars, and Boeing has been advocating automatic flying cars since the acquisition of Aurora Flight Sciences, a manufacturer of unmanned aerial vehicles and Aeronautics and components last year. In March this year, Boeing revealed that the company had been testing a prototype of a flying taxi, carrying passengers all over the world, and could be in operation in the next 10 years. Its investment in Aurora Flight Sciences is reported to test flying cars in Dubai and Dallas in 2020.

科技公司阵营，则以荷兰飞行汽车制造商PAL-V和斯洛伐克公司AeroMobil最为引入注目。其中PAL-V，今年2月份就启动了首款量产飞行汽车——PAL-V Liberty的预售，根据PAL-V的计划，PAL-V Liberty前期会推出两个版本，运动版起售价40万美元，先锋版则要60万美元，如果消费者想尽快提车，还要缴纳2500美元，该车将于2019年把汽车钥匙交到首批客户的手中。

The camp of technology companies is attracting the attention of Holland's flying car manufacturer PAL-V and Slovakia company AeroMobil. PAL-V, which started in February this year, started the pre sale of the first mass production vehicle, PAL-V Liberty. According to PAL-V's plan, two versions of PAL-V Liberty will be launched. The sports version will be sold for $400 thousand, and the avant-garde version is $600 thousand. If the consumer wants to pick up a car as soon as possible, it will pay 2500 dollars and the car will be in 2019. Put the car keys in the hands of the first customers.

▲PAL-V Liberty

随后在3月份开幕的日内瓦车展上，PAL-V Liberty正式揭开神秘面纱。该款产品采用了三轮设计，当起飞时放开螺旋桨和尾桨就可以变身旋翼飞机。PAL-V官方称，PAL-Liberty整个变形过程大约需要10分钟，其陆地行驶速度最高可达160km/h，飞行速度可达180km/h，陆地行驶模式下，最大续航为1315km，在飞行模式下最大续航为500km。PAL-V表示，驾驶PAL-V Liberty既要飞机驾照也需要汽车驾照，而且飞行执照上还需要有35个小时的飞行记录。

PAL-V Liberty unveiled the mystery at the Geneva Auto Show opened in March. The product uses a three wheel design. When the take-off is released, the propeller and tail rotor can be turned into a rotorcraft. PAL-V officials say that the entire deformation process of PAL-Liberty takes about 10 minutes, and its land speeds up to 160km/h, flying up to 180km/h, and the maximum extension is 1315km under land driving, and the maximum extension of 500km under flight mode. The PAL-V Liberty requires both an aircraft license and a car license, and a 35-hour flight record on the flight license, according to PAL-V.

与PAL-V Liberty一样，AeroMobil的飞行汽车也可以空陆两用。该公司早在1990年就开始研发飞行汽车，并推出了1.0版本，到现在为止，AeroMobil先后推出了5代产品。最新的AeroMobil 5.0 VTOL，是一款4座飞行的出租车，可以像直升机一样垂直起降，也可以像汽车一样行驶。而在AeroMobil 5.0垂直起降概念中，机翼和转子在飞行模式下从车身中伸展出来，目前该产品正处于测试阶段。

Like PAL-V Liberty, AeroMobil's flying cars can also be used for both land and air. The company started developing flying cars in 1990 and launched version 1.0. So far, AeroMobile has launched five generations of products. The latest AeroMobile 5.0 VTOL is a four-seat flying taxi that can take off and land vertically like a helicopter or run like a car. In the AeroMobile 5.0 concept of vertical takeoff and landing, the wing and rotor extend from the body in flight mode, and the product is currently in the testing phase.

AeroMobil估计，AeroMobil 5.0 VTOL将至少需要七到十年才能问世，在此之前AeroMobil 4.0将先行上市，预计在2020年交付成车。AeroMobil 4.0已于去年7月27日在中国正式上市，全球限量销售500台，不含税价格在120-150万欧。

AeroMobil estimates that the AeroMobil 5 VTOL will take at least seven to ten years to come out. Before that, the AeroMobil 4 will be listed before it is expected to be delivered in 2020. AeroMobil 4 was officially launched in China in July 27th last year, with limited sales of 500 units worldwide, excluding tax prices of 120-150 million euro.

▲AeroMobil 4.0

此外，国内的亿航智能、酷黑科技，谷歌，Uber，硅谷初创公司Opener，以色列的Urban Aeronautics，以及获腾讯投资的德国初创企业Lilium Aviation等也都在开展飞行汽车的相关研发，不过这里面部分企业的产品，与其说是飞行汽车，倒不如说是一个小型的无人机。譬如谷歌，6月初由其创始人Larry Page投资的飞行汽车创业公司Kitty Hawk展示了其正在研发的Flyer单座飞行汽车，这款单座飞行汽车由10个电动旋翼提供动力，目前飞行时间在12至20分钟之间，最初能达到的高度限制在3.048米，速度限制在32公里/小时左右，但貌似不能在地面行驶，该公司同时开发的名为Cora的双座飞行出租车亦如此。

In addition, domestic flight intelligence, cool black technology, Google, Uber, Silicon Valley start-ups Opener, Urban Aeronautics in Israel, and Lilium Aviation, a German start-up that has been invested by Tencent, are also developing a flight vehicle, but some of the enterprise's products are rather flying cars. It's rather a small UAV. For example, Google, a flying car entrepreneur Kitty Hawk, which was invested by its founder Larry Page in the early June, showed its developing Flyer single seat flying car, which was powered by 10 electric rotors, which was currently flying between 12 and 20 minutes, initially reaching a height limit of 3.048 meters, speed limit. It's about 32 kilometers per hour, but it doesn't seem to run on the ground, as is the case with the Cora, a two-seat flying taxi developed by the company.

5月，Uber在其第二次Elevate年度峰会上，也正式宣布了该公司详尽的空中服务计划——UberAir“空中的士”服务，并展示了其“飞行汽车”的概念原型机eCRM。按照Uber的计划，达拉斯、迪拜和洛杉矶到2020年将率先开通UberAir“空中的士”服务，这些“空中的士”可以从空中港口、屋顶或地面上实现垂直起飞和降落。

In May, at its second annual Elevate summit, Uber also formally announced the company's detailed air service program, the UberAir "air taxi" service, and displayed its "flying car" concept prototype machine eCRM. According to Uber's plan, Dallas, Dubai and Losangeles will be the first to open the UberAir "air taxi" service by 2020, which can take off and land vertically from the air ports, roofs or ground.

此外还有一点，飞行汽车作为一种交通工具，毋庸置疑会投入商业化，这就必须要考虑价格。而现实的情况是，飞行汽车更像是“有钱人的玩具”。阿斯顿•马丁的Volante Vision Concept指导售价300-500万英镑，PAL-V Liberty运动版和先锋版起售价分别为40万美元和60万美元，AeroMobil 4.0 120万欧起售，亿航184预估价格为30万美元……这些都不是普通消费者能够承受的起的。

In addition, as a means of transportation, flying cars will undoubtedly be commercialized, which has to consider the price. The reality is that flying cars are more like "the toys of the rich." Aston Martin's Volante Vision Concept guides the price of 300-500 million pounds, the PAL-V Liberty sports and avant-garde version is sold for $400 thousand and $600 thousand, AeroMobil 40 thousand and 120 European sale, and the estimated price of 184 is $300 thousand... These are not what ordinary consumers can afford.

因此可以说，飞行汽车虽然优势显著，各大企业也都在不断加大投入力度、加快研发，但就如同自动驾驶汽车商用处处受限，飞行汽车想要投入大规模商用，也是任重道远！

Therefore, it can be said that, although the advantages of flying cars are significant, the big enterprises are also increasing their investment and R & D, but it is just like the limitation of autopilot commercial vehicles, and it is also a long way to go for flying cars to be put into large scale business.（文编译飞行汽车feiauto）www.feiauto.com

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