近日，英国发动机制造商劳斯莱斯在Twitter上发布了“飞行出租车”开发项目，并希望找到合作方，共同开发一个可能会在未来10年升空的项目。劳斯莱斯方面表示，目前已制订了一个能够搭载4~5人、行驶距离约为500英里的“飞行出租车”计划，希望以此改变人们的出行方式。

Recently, British engine maker Rolls-Royce launched a "flight taxi" development project on Twitter and hopes to find partners to jointly develop a project that could be lifted in the next 10 years. Rolls-Royce said it has developed a "flight taxi" program that can carry 4~5 people and travel about 500 miles away, hoping to change the way people travel.

如今，自动驾驶技术正风靡全球，无人机行业加速崛起，自动驾驶汽车与无人机两大热门的结合便是时下一大热点——飞行汽车。据行业杂志《航空周和空间技术》统计，2017年全球约有20个不同的团队正在进行用于城市通勤市场的电动垂直起降飞机的研发工作。

Now, autopilot technology is all the rage all over the world, the unmanned aerial vehicle industry is rising rapidly. The two hot combination of autopilot and UAV is the current hot spot - the flying car. According to the industry magazine "air week and space technology" statistics, about 20 different teams in the world are working on the research and development of electric vertical landing and landing aircraft used in the city commuter market in 2017.

 

从全球已经曝光的飞行汽车试飞信息来看，自动驾驶汽车的规模化量产也愈发临近。与自动驾驶汽车一样，飞行汽车开发企业也将未来首要商用场景放在了出租车上，飞行出租车呼之欲出。

From the world's already exposed flight test flight information, the scale production of auto driving cars is also approaching. Like autopilot, the flying car development enterprise also puts the first business scene in the future on the taxi, and the flying taxis are coming out.

出行市场掀起飞行热潮

A flying boom in the travel market

随着航空科技公司竞相努力让电动飞行汽车成为现实，飞行出租车正在掀起全球热潮。除劳斯莱斯之外，波音、空客等航空航天巨头，Uber、保时捷等其他领域企业也对飞行出租车的发展投入巨大。

With aviation technology companies competing to make the electric flying car a reality, flying taxis are raising the global trend. In addition to Rolls-Royce, Boeing, Airbus and other aerospace giants, Uber, Porsche and other enterprises also invested heavily in the development of flying taxis.

波音公司CEO丹尼斯·米伦伯格曾表示，飞行出租车从技术层面上来说是可行的，未来十年内就有可能投入运营，飞行出租车带来的速度将远超我们的想象。

CEO Dennis Muhlenberg, a Boeing company, has said that flying taxis are technically feasible and can be put into operation in the next ten years, and the speed of flying taxis will be far beyond our imagination.

除了波音，另一大航空航天巨头空客也十分重视飞行出租车的发展。2018年初，空客首次公布了其飞行出租车首次成功飞行的视频记录。一架完整的电动、无人驾驶垂直起降飞行器完成了首次试飞。

In addition to Boeing, another big Aerospace magnate attaches great importance to the development of flight taxis. In early 2018, Airbus first released the video record of its first successful flight of a taxi. A complete electric, unmanned vertical takeoff and landing vehicle has completed its first test flight.

入局者还有豪车生产商保时捷。保时捷高管冯佩德在接受德国杂志采访时表示，保时捷公司可能会研发一款飞行乘用车，该举措或将在城市空中出租车市场与Uber发生正面竞争。

The inbound is also a luxury car maker Porsche. Porsche executive Feng Peide said in an interview with the German magazine that Porsche might develop a flight passenger car, which would compete positively with the Uber in the city's air taxi market.

Uber推出的“Elevate”项目，积极研发先进的垂直起落飞机并打造未来的城市空中交通网络，飞行出租车就是项目内容之一。

Uber launched the "Elevate" project, actively developing advanced vertical landing aircraft and building the future urban air traffic network. Flying taxis are one of the contents of the project.

除了以上巨头外，还有很多初创企业进入飞行汽车这一市场当中。其中，中国无人机公司亿航在2016年的CES展上亮相了一辆亿航184飞行出租车的原型。2018年5月3日，在迪拜举行的SAMENA电信领袖峰会上，亿航184也获得展示。

In addition to these giants, there are many start-ups in the market of flying cars. Among them, China unmanned aircraft company billion Airlines unveiled a prototype of a billion airline 184 flight taxi at the CES exhibition in 2016. In May 3, 2018, at the SAMENA Telecom leaders summit held in Dubai, 100 million Airlines 184 was also shown.

作为迪拜道路交通管理局（RTA）的全球第一家自动驾驶飞行器制造商战略合作伙伴，早在2017年2月，亿航184自动驾驶载人飞行器已经率先在迪拜民用航空管理局指定的飞行场地，分别针对迪拜沙漠环境和海滨环境完成了多项适应性航空飞行测试。据悉，亿航184准备于未来几年在迪拜试用。

As the strategic partner of the Dubai Road Traffic Administration (RTA), the world's first autopilot manufacturer, as early as February 2017, the 184 autopilot vehicle has taken the lead in the designated flight site designated by the Dubai Civil Aviation Administration, and has completed a number of adaptation to the Dubai desert environment and the coastal environment. Aero flight test. It is reported that billion Airlines 184 is ready to trial in Dubai in the next few years.

亿航联合创始人熊逸放表示，在5G时代的驱动下，城市空中立体交通这一庞大新兴行业将有望快速建立。在这个数字世界里，所有东西都会被智能连接起来，曾经只存在于科幻电影里的打“飞的”，也许在不久的将来呈现在我们的面前。

Xiong Yifang, the co-founder of billion airlines, said that under the driving force of the 5G era, the huge new industry of urban air and three-dimensional transportation is expected to be established quickly. In this digital world, everything will be connected intelligently, once in a science fiction movie, "flying", perhaps in the near future in front of us.

深圳市哈威飞行科技有限公司CEO刘益华告诉记者，“飞行的微型化、娱乐化、个人化是未来趋势，飞行出租车覆盖低空空域，灵活快捷，于交通领域是革命性创新。”

Shenzhen City Harvey Flight Technology Co., Ltd. CEO Liu Yihua told reporters, "the miniaturization, entertainment, personalization of the flight is the future trend, flying taxis cover the low space, flexible and fast, in the field of traffic is revolutionary innovation."

最佳设计仍在探索

The best design is still exploring

虽然品牌众多，但从技术角度来看，多旋翼模式是飞行汽车的主流。这种模式能使其垂直起降，规避此前固定翼占地大的缺点。多旋翼模式是在机身安装多个旋翼，依靠旋翼产生升力，通过改变每个旋翼转速来控制飞行器的各种状态。

Although many brands, but from a technical point of view, multi rotor mode is the mainstream of the flying car. This model can make vertical take-off and landing, avoiding the shortcomings of fixed wing area. The multi rotor mode is to install multiple rotors on the fuselage, depending on the lift force generated by the rotor, and to control the various states of the aircraft by changing the rotor speed.

多旋翼飞行汽车外形类似于放大版的无人机，将中间机身替换成驾驶舱。听起来不难，但飞行汽车绝不是把汽车加上“翅膀”那么简单。新材料、电池、电动推进、自动巡航等技术的突破对飞行汽车的发展至关重要。

The multi rotor aircraft resembles the enlarged version of the UAV, replacing the middle fuselage into the cockpit. It doesn't sound difficult, but flying cars are by no means simply adding "wings" to cars. Breakthroughs in technologies such as new materials, batteries, electric propulsion and automatic cruise are critical to the development of flying cars.

“无人机行业的风生水起，带动微型载人飞行的飞控技术长足进步；炭纤维等材料技术的不断突破，也是飞行出租车必须依赖的基础技术之一。”刘益华表示。

"The air and water of the UAV industry, the rapid development of the micro - manned flight control technology, and the continuous breakthroughs of carbon fiber and other materials technology are also one of the basic technologies that the flying taxis must rely on." Liu Yihua said.

大疆创新负责人告诉记者，“使用多旋翼飞行器执行大载重长距离的运输任务，既不经济，也不安全。”

"The use of multi rotor aircraft to carry out heavy haul and long distance transport tasks is neither economic nor safe," daxinjiang innovation chief told reporters.

中国航空工业发展研究中心研究员蔡琰表示，就电动垂直起降飞机来看，市场仍在探索最佳设计，而且先进的可转换构型已经出现。“目前存在多种可转换构型——立式起落飞机、倾转旋翼、倾转机翼甚至混合动力等。”

Cai Yan, a researcher at the China Aviation Industry Development Research Center, said that the market is still exploring the best design for the electric vertical landing and landing aircraft, and the advanced convertible configuration has emerged. "There are currently many kinds of convertible configurations, such as vertical landing aircraft, tilting rotor, tilting wing and even hybrid power."

波音旋翼飞机技术员Dan Newman用石头、剪刀、布来进行类比。“在航空业，石头是现有技术，已经足够好了，将持续使用这些技术，直到有足够的理由进行替换，但在概念设计的世界里，布可以战胜石头，剪刀是对布的设计进行可行性挑战的因素。”Newman表示，“我们的需求明确之前，电动垂直起降飞机不会出现统治性的构型。”

Boeing rotorcraft technician Dan Newman uses stones, scissors, and cloth to simulate. "In the aviation industry, stone is the existing technology, it is good enough, and will continue to use these technologies until there is enough reason to replace it, but in the conceptual design of the world, the cloth can overcome the stone, and the scissors are the factors to challenge the design of the cloth." Newman said, "before the demand is clear, the electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft will not have a dominant configuration."

“对于飞行出租车来说，它们要安全、安静、清洁和高效。”凯斯西储大学机械和航空航天工程专业教授Vikas Prakash接受媒体采访时表示，“我们相信，成功的空中出租车设计不会使用当今直升机的旋翼设计，而是垂直起降的概念与分布式能源推进系统相结合。”

"For flight taxis, they should be safe, quiet, clean and efficient." Vikas Prakash, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the Case Western Reserve University, told the media, "we believe that the successful air taxi design will not use the rotor design of today's helicopters, but the concept of vertical landing and landing and the combination of distributed energy propulsion systems."

大规模商业化道路仍有障碍

There are still obstacles in the road of large-scale commercialization

虽然飞行汽车优势显著，各大企业也都加大投入力度、加快研发，但是从目前来看，飞行汽车的技术水平还处在初级阶段，想要实现商用还面临着不少障碍。

Although the advantages of flying cars are significant, the major enterprises have also increased their investment and R & D, but in the present time, the technical level of the flying cars is still in the primary stage, and there are many obstacles to be realized.

首先是续航能力。由于飞行汽车基本采用电力能源，续航能力不可避免地成为其发展过程中的主要限制因素。“空中出租车实质是飞行器的微型化，最大的问题是动力技术，目前电池的能量密度水平难以支撑这一概念。”刘益华表示。因此，未来想要大规模普及，必须提高电池储存与快速充电技术，不断突破续航能力的天花板。

The first is the endurance. Because of the basic use of electric energy, the endurance of flying cars inevitably becomes the main limiting factor in the development process. The essence of air taxis is the miniaturization of aircraft. The biggest problem is power technology. At present, the level of battery energy density is difficult to support this concept. Liu Yihua said. Therefore, in the future, we need to improve the battery storage and fast charging technology, and constantly break the endurance ceiling.

噪音问题也不容忽视。由于飞行汽车在飞行时基本位于低空空域，当大规模部署商用之后，将产生严重的噪音污染问题。因此，在商用之前，飞行汽车开发商必须与城市管理部门合作，合理规划飞行空域，并着重提高降噪技术，以避免对人们正常的生活、工作产生影响。

The noise problem can not be ignored. Since flying vehicles are basically located in low altitude airspace when flying, large noise pollution will be generated after large-scale deployment of commercial vehicles. Therefore, before business, the flying car developer must cooperate with the city management department to plan the flight airspace reasonably, and improve the noise reduction technology, so as to avoid the influence on people's normal life and work.

还有不能回避的法律问题。飞行汽车想要实现商用，还需要政府监管部门的认可，需要专门法律的保障与规范。“如果技术成熟，政策法规一定会做出相应调整，在某些领域会有突破，譬如军方。”刘益华表示。

There are legal issues that can not be avoided. To achieve commercial use, flying cars also need the approval of the government regulatory authorities, requiring special legal protection and regulation. "If the technology is mature, policies and regulations will be adjusted accordingly, and there will be breakthroughs in some areas, such as the military." Liu Yihua said.

对于一个载人产品，其各方面审查要求都很高，飞行汽车商业化是否遥遥无期？在长期参与无人机投资的纪源资本副总裁余俊看来，飞行汽车可以先拿来载物，逐渐验证产品成熟度、安全冗余系统完整性，再一步步实现载人的终极目标。飞行汽车就要来了，而且一定会来。

For a manned product, its requirements are very high in all aspects. Is the commercialization of flying cars far from being expected? In the view of Yu Jun, a vice president of capital capital, who has been involved in UAV investment for a long time, the flight vehicle can first take the load, gradually verify the maturity of the product, the integrity of the safety redundancy system, and step into the ultimate goal of the manned mission. The flying car is coming, and it's going to come.（文编译飞行汽车feiauto）www.feiauto.com

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